【英語作業評語簡短】經驗交流-英語作業評語寫作淺談
作業評語是一種作業批閱的方式,也是英語教學法中的一個重要環節,它便于學生更加清楚地了解自己作業中的優缺點,有利于溝通師生間的情感,調動學生的學習積極性,促進學生養成良好的學習習慣。1974年奧斯丁做了這樣一個實驗。他把學生隨機分成兩個組,并對其中各個組的學生的作業全部予以評分,而對另一個組的學生的作業只隨機抽取一半給予評分。七周后,他發現兩組學生的成績并沒有什麼差別。
1976年他拓展了這項研究。他把學生同樣隨機分成兩組,對其中一組學生的作業不加說明地判出分數,而對另一組學生的作業不僅給出分數,而且還加寫評語,用以贊揚或鼓勵學生。后來經過檢測,加寫評語的學生的平均成績大大高于沒加評語的學生。
這兩次實驗顯而易見地說明了中小學教育中普遍存在的單純的分數評價已不太適合評價的需要。它只是對知識內容進行評價,而對學生在學習知識、完成作業過程中相伴而生的目的、心態、方法等并沒有直接評價。相反對學生作業的短語評價的做法則更加有效果。所以教師應該改變傳統的“遇對必鉤(√),有錯必叉(×)或打分數,或分等級”的批改作業的方式,而采取在作業本上標出正誤符號后,用贊揚、鼓勵、期盼、惋惜等情感語言代替學生見慣不驚的分數標記。那么如何寫好作業評語呢?下面就教學中一些體驗談談看法:
一、作業評語要符合學生的實際水平
評語是寫給學生看的,所以一方面評語要使用學生能看得懂的英語來寫,所使用的詞匯和語法不能過高或過低于學生的現有水平,要切合學生的實際水平,符合學生的個性心理發展需要;另一方面要做到循序漸進,由易到難,能夠起到“跳一跳,摘到桃子”的作用,也就是說學生通過上下文的猜測或借助于詞典就能理解。例如:
It’s very clever of you to do so.
It’s nice of you to write this way.
Wonderful! Your English is very good and your answers are correct.
I’m sure you can do your work better next time.
You’ve done a good job.
You are doing wonderfully!
You can do better now than you did before.
二、 作業評語要有利于學生對所學知識的理解和記憶
語言的作用在于運用,所以教師在寫評語時應運用所學的知識,以使學生能加強理解和記憶。例如:
You have improved a lot. I’m proud of you.
That’s great. Please never give up trying. Success comes through hard work and constant effort.
No pains, no gains. I hope you will make more progress in the future.
What good work! You are the pride of our class.
Work harder, you will make more progress.
The harder you work, the sooner you will improve.
Come on! I’m sure you will catch up soon.
利用所學過的短語、句型和時態給學生寫評語就能收到很好的效果,可以幫助學生鞏固和運用語言。
三、 評語要有利于激發學生的學習熱情
學生有被尊重、被表揚、被認可的需要。在寫作業時,希望得到教師的表揚和鼓勵,這是學生精神上的需要。如果精神上的需要長期得不到滿足,他們就會產生消極的思想。因此,需要是學生學習行為的動力之一。需要的滿足直接影響學生積極性的發揮,要充分發揮學生的積極性,對學生進行有效的鼓勵是教育的策略之一。激勵就是激發鼓勵。一般地講,激勵就是以某種刺激為引誘,調動人的主動性、積極性和創造性。教師的評語就是刺激學生的誘因。學生有不同的性格,有不同的需要,那麼激勵的方法也不同。教師針對不同的學生及其作業,在不同場合所作的評語可激發學生的學習熱情,讓優等生更上一層樓,使中等生改正缺點、發揚優點,使暫時落后的學生能克服畏懼心理,樹立信心。所以對優等生的作業表揚中要有指正,教師可通過評語向他們提出更高要求。例如:
It’s good to be correct. It’s also important to be creative.
Excellent. You haven’t made any mistakes, but do try to make your handwriting neater.
對中等生的作業要慎重評價,在評語中要多督促。例如:
You’d better be more careful! Pay attention to the tenses.
Your work is quite good except a few spelling mistakes.
Keep it up. Remember that little by little one goes far.
對于差生的作業要多點激勵,溫和地指出錯誤的同時,也要指出他的優點以資鼓勵。例如:
The structure of the composition is good, but try to make sure the word order in your sentences is correct.
Lily, I like your handwriting very much though there are some mistakes here. I’m sure you can correct them.
Bill, I’m sure you can do better if you work harder.
Your answers show you have real ability in the course, and you are developing increasing depth of thought and clarity of expression in your written work. However there are some grammar mistakes in the essay/here.
Your work has improved. I’m sure there is nothing too difficult for us to learn.
You have done your work better this time. I believe that nothing is impossible as long as you work hard. Practice makes perfect.
四、 作業評語要能體現師生感情的交流
作業不僅是師生間教學信息的反饋,而且是聯系和溝通師生感情的橋梁。在作業中教師可以覺察到學生的思想和自主學習情況,從評語中學生也能領悟出教師對他是否關心、有信心和責任心。因此我們要充分利用作業評語加深師生情感交流。評語言辭懇切,切中要害;或熱情鼓勵、或委婉告戒……始終使學生保持清醒的頭腦、強烈的興趣、昂揚的斗志,激勵并堅定他們“青出于藍而勝于藍”的信念。通過評語教師盡可把祝福、問候、關切、激勵、真誠、信任之情化作甘甜的泉水,去滋潤學生的心田,引起師生教與學的共鳴,達到教與學兩者的和諧與統一。
假如在節假日或某學生生日前,教師可以給予學生一些祝愿語:
●Merry Christmas! / Happy New Year! / Enjoy yourself in the coming holidays! / Happy birthday! /Many happy returns!
又如某個學生因為生病缺課作業完成得很糟糕,教師就要說一些安慰的話:
●Lingling, you have made a few mistakes in your work. I know that it is because you were absent… I think it is only natural. Don’t lose heart. I am ready to help you.
再如某個學生因為考試不及格失去信心,教師就要說一些激勵的話:
●I’m sorry to hear that you didn’t pass the exam. I hope you are not too disappointed. I want to cheer you up with the saying “Failure is the mother of success”. I hope to see much improvement in your future studies.
五、 作業評語形式要豐富多彩
作業評語不僅僅是對作業本身進行評價,也可以包括學習和生活的各個方面,他的語言形式更是豐富多彩,千變萬化,既可以是一個詞或一個短語,也可以是一句話、一個段落或一則格言。例如:
A.一個詞:
●Great! / Perfect! / Good! / Wonderful! / Correct! / Excellent!
B.短語:
●Well done! / Neat and tidy!
C.句型:
●That’s OK!
●What a good job you have done!
●Now you can do betterthan before.
●Your handwriting is excellent!
●Keep it up.
●Your English will become better if you work harder.
D.段落:
●Although you haven’t been successful, you have done better than ever. Success belongs to the diligent learners. I am sure you will make more and more progress if you keep on practicing your spoken English.
E.格言:
●Practice makes perfect.
●Where there is a will, there is a way.
●A willful man will have his way.
●Failure is the only highroad to success.
●Diligence is the mother of good fortune / good luck.
●He who does not advance falls backward.
●The water wears away stones.
當然寫好評語的要求和方式還有很多,教師不僅要不斷提高自己的英語書面表達能力,更重要的是深入研究學生的心理特點、思想情緒、個人愛好、學習習慣及英語水平等,以便言之有理、以理服人,這樣才能寫出激勵人的好評語,不斷提高學生的書面表達能力,通過作業評語加強師生間的交流,促進學生各方面協調發展。